根據衛生署96-98年兩年科技研究計畫[建立健康食品非預期反應之資料庫及通報系統以提升病人安全],依文獻歸納出銀杏與藥物之交互作用。
銀杏可能之副作用:
常見之副作用如腹瀉、暈眩、頭痛、噁心。嚴重不良反應:過敏、不正常出血、昏暈。
銀杏可能之交互作用:
|
併用藥物 |
交互作用 |
銀杏 |
Omeprazole |
降低Omeprazole血中濃度1。 |
Trazodone |
造成過度鎮定效果而增加昏迷危險2。 |
|
Risperidone |
延緩Risperidone代謝,增加其副作用3。 |
|
非類固醇抗發炎藥物 |
增加出血風險4。 |
|
Cilostazol(Pletal) |
增加出血風險5。 |
|
Thiazide(hydrochlorothiazide、chlorothiazide、bendroflumethiazide、benzthiazide、hydroflumethiazide、methyclothiazide、polythiazide、trichlormethiazide) |
反而造成血壓上升6。 (機轉不明) |
|
Buspirone、Fluoxetine |
使患者發生輕躁症(hypomanic episode)。可能增加血清素症候群(serotonin syndrome)風險,如高血壓、高體溫、意識狀態改變、肌躍症7。 |
|
Valproate sodium |
可能使癲癇復發8。 |
|
Nicardipine |
可能降低降血壓藥物作用9。 |
|
Insulin |
可能降低胰島素作用10。 |
|
eoprostenol |
可能增加出血風險11。 |
文獻來源:
1. Yin OQ. Pharmacogenetics and herb-drug interactions: experience with Ginkgo biloba and omeprazole. Pharmacogenetics 2004;14:841-50.
2. Galluzzi S. Coma in a patient with Alzheimer’s disease taking low dose trazodone and ginkgo biloba. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;68:679–683.
3. Lin YY. Association between priapism and concurrent use of risperidone and ginkgo biloba. Mayo Clin Proc.2007;82(10):1289-1290.
4. Meisel C. Fatal intracerebral mass bleeding associated with ginkgo biloba and ibuprofen. Atherosclerosis 2003;167:367.
5. Aruna D. Pharmacodynamic interaction studies of Ginkgo biloba with cilostazol and clopidogrel in healthy human subjects. Br J Clin Pharamacol 2007;63:333-8.
6. Shaw D. Traditional remedies and food supplements. A 5-year toxicological study(1991-1995). Drug Safety 1997;17:342-56.
7. Spinella M. Hypomania induced by herbal and pharmaceutical psychotropic medicines following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2002;16:359-67.
8. Granger AS. Ginkgo biloba precipitating epileptic seizures. Age and Ageing 2001;30:523-5.
9. Shinozuka K. Feeding of Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE) enhances gene expression of hepatic cytochrome P-450 and attenuates the hypotensive effect of nicardipine in rats. Life Sci 2002;70:2783-92.
10. Kudolo GB. The effect of 3-month ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract on pancreatic beta-cell function in response to glucose loading in normal glucose tolerant individuals. J Clin Pharamacol. 2000 Jun;40(6):647-54.
11.Drug interaction checker. http://www.drugs.com/drug_interactions.php
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